Summary
In eruptions, ash particles collide and separate charge, creating volcanic lightning. A thunderstorm does not require rain clouds; an ash cloud can do it too.
Seeing lightning during an eruption looks like two disasters colliding. Their shared ingredient is charge separation.
When ash and particles collide intensely, electron exchange lets regions accumulate different charges. That builds an electric field similar to storm clouds.
Volcanic lightning can reveal clues about eruption strength and particle density. This makes it useful for remote monitoring and warnings.
Lightning is not only an accessory of rain. Nature can generate electricity anywhere friction and particles abound.
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